石油装备制造企业员工“三违”行为分析与防范措施探讨

阐述了石油装备制造企业员工"三违"行为的5种类型及其实质、表现形式、易发人群,并提出了具体的防范措施,可为石油装备制造企业有效制止员工违章行为提供借鉴。     

基于神经网络评估的密封点泄漏检测

介绍了运用神经网络评估方法对石化生产装置泄漏风险进行量化评估的主要程序：输入变量的选择、风险指标的确定及总风险评估指标的确定等。以某炼油厂柴油加氢精制装置的应用为例,说明该方法可以指导企业根据最终确定的风险等级制定泄漏检测计划,对高风险部位增加检测的频次,既能有效监控密封点的密封效果,又减少不必要的资源投入。     

Baltur燃烧器电加热桶智能温控器的设计与研制

通过对Baltur燃烧器温度控制器和电气控制原理的分析,提出智能数字温控器的设计方案,以便对电加热桶内油品进行数字温度调节和自动控制,提高Baltur燃烧器的安全可靠性.     

矿产资源开发的生态地质环境风险研究——以甘孜州东部为例

甘孜州东部是我国矿产资源富集区和生态地质环境脆弱区之一,生态地质环境承载力呈现出南优北差、西优东差的格局。据矿业历史及现状影响,建立承载力—矿业活动关系模式,将承载力分为正荷载、等荷载和超荷载三种状态。采用生态地质环境危险性与潜在损失承载体求积运算的方式获取风险值,并进行四级风险区划。风险空间分布大体呈现出东高西低、北高南低的形态,矿业活动区及其缓冲区、小流域、大流域都处于风险联动的系统内,风险区划与承载力区划成正相关关系。针对生态地质环境风险提出加强小矿有序开发、加强勘查和开发过程管理、提高矿产资源利用效率、构建监测系统和加强矿山环境问题治理等应对措施。     

悬浮物对半滑舌鳎稚鱼的急性毒性效应

研究了不同浓度悬浮物对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevisG櫣nther)浮游阶段和伏底阶段稚鱼的急性毒性效应。实验结果表明,悬浮物对浮游阶段稚鱼的48 hLC50和96 hLC50(95%可信限)分别为588.2 mg/L(518.7~666.9 mg/L)和488.7 mg/L(428.6~557.2 mg/L),安全浓度(SC)为48.87 mg/L;水温(tw)为23℃时,对伏底阶段稚鱼的48 hLC50和96 hLC50(95%可信限)分别为3 034.6 mg/L(2769.8~3324.8 mg/L)和2117.2 mg/L(1932.1~2320.1 mg/L),SC为211.72mg/L;tw为26℃时,对伏底阶段稚鱼的48 hLC50和96 hLC50(95%可信限)分别为1684.0 mg/L(1543.4~1837.3 mg/L)和1657.1 mg/L(1522.7~1803.4 mg/L),SC为165.71 mg/L。     

载2,4-DCP粉末活性炭微波再生的影响因素

2,4-DCP(2,4-二氯苯酚)是一种具有代表性的氯酚类化合物,在我国和欧美等国的饮用水水质标准中,氯酚类化合物都被列为优先控制污染物。实验以2,4-DCP溶液作为给水中难降解有机物的模拟水样,使用粉末活性炭(PAC)对其吸附至饱和后进行微波辐照再生,探讨了影响活性炭再生效果的诸多因素。以N2为载气的正交实验结果表明:在微波功率为800 W,再生时间为3 min,载气流量为0.6 L/min的控制条件下可得到最佳的再生效果;另选CO2为载气对活性炭再生进行比照实验,结果表明CO2载气的再生效果略优于N2,具有活化作用。     

Effect of ionic strength on adsorption of As（Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ） on variable charge soils

The study was to investigate the adsorption behavior of arsenite (As(Ⅲ)) and arsenate (As(Ⅴ)) on two variable charge soils, i.e., Haplic Acrisol and Rhodic Ferralsol at different ionic strengths and pH with batch methods. Results indicated that the amount of As(Ⅲ) adsorbed by these two soils increased with increasing solution pH, whereas it decreased with increasing ionic strength under the acidic condition. This suggested that As(Ⅲ) was mainly adsorbed on soil positive charge sites through electrostatic attraction under the acidic condition. Moreover, intersects of As(Ⅴ) adsorption-pH curves at different ionic strengths (a characteristic pH) are obtained for both soils. It was noted that above this pH, the adsorption of As(Ⅴ) was increased with increasing ionic strength, whereas below it the reverse trend was true. Precisely the intersect pH was 3.6 for Haplic Acrisol and 4.5 for Rhodic Ferralsol, which was near the values of PZSE (soil point of zero salt effect) of these soils. The effects of ionic strength and pH on arsenate adsorption by these soils were interpreted by the adsorption model. The results of zeta potential suggested that the potential in adsorption plane becomes less negative with increasing ionic strength above soil PZSE and decreases with increasing ionic strength below soil PZSE. These results further supported the hypothesis of the adsorption model that the potential in the adsorption plane changes with ionic strength with an opposite trend to surface charge of the soils. Therefore, the change of the potential in the adsorption plane was mainly responsible for the change of arsenate adsorption induced by ionic strength on variable charge soils.     

Identification and characterization of the chromium（Ⅵ） responding protein from a newly isolated Ochrobactrum anthropi CTS-325

A Gram-negative, chromium(VI) tolerant and reductive strain CTS-325, isolated from a Chinese chromate plant, was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi based on its biochemical properties and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was able to tolerate up to 10 mmol/L Cr(VI) and completely reduce 1 mmol/L Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within 48 h. When the strain CTS-325 was induced with Cr(VI), a protein increased significantly in the whole cell proteins. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that this protein was a superoxide dismutase (SOD) homology. The measured superoxide dismutase activity was 2694 U/mg after three steps of purification. The SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O₂^·−) into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This protein is considered to be one of the most important anti-oxidative enzymes for O. anthropi as it allows the bacterium to survive high oxygen stress environments, such as the environment produced during the reduction process of Cr(VI).     

建筑废弃物回收再利用项目运作模式刍探

建筑废弃物处理是城市建设中的一大难题,如果实行简单填埋,不仅污染环境、造成资源浪费,而且也耗费政府大量财力。介绍了深圳市龙岗区通过创新招标方式,公开出让特许经营权,引入企业运用先进技术对建筑废弃物实行综合再利用的一些做法,同时对城市建筑废弃物回收再利用如何实现规模化和产业化发展,以及政府在推动循环经济发展方面如何将经济效益与社会效益有机结合提出了一些看法。     

水解(酸化)工艺预处理难降解有机废水应用技术分析

本文对水解(酸化)工艺进行了原理分析,论述了该工艺的优缺点,以及对后续工艺的影响.分析论述了该工艺对几种典型的难降解有机废水的降解机理.认为水解(酸化)作为难降解有机废水的预处理工艺具有很高的推广应用价值.